In order to have Aircrack-ng running on the phone, there are several requirements:
- Being able to cross compile (because the CPU on your phone has a different architecture than the one on your computer). So if you cannot find a cross compiler for that specific platform, forget it.
- A wireless card. Most phones have one these days, so that's easy.
- If your phone is Linux based, you will also need to be able to be 'root' to run the commands.
- The driver must allow monitor mode. That's usually where almost all phones fail because only a few have that. Sometimes the card doesn't have a stable monitor mode. The reason behind it is that it must be low power (and cheap to manufacture) so the chipset (and its firmware) is very limited.
To give you a quick answer, only one phone meets all the requirements with its internal card: the Nokia N900 (it needs the 'power' kernel available in the extra-devel repositories). While doing monitor mode/injection, the battery last about 4h.
- iOS devices: Forget it because it is never going to happen, Apple is consumer oriented and doesn't really care about the computer security industry. Plus, iOS is too closed source and AFAIK the chipset is not capable of proper monitor mode. You could argue that it is available via Cydia. It's true but you don't have any monitor mode capabilities, so it doesn't worth it (also don't bother sending me Cydia bug reports, I don't read them).
- Android: Forget it with the internal card. However, it will be possible with an external USB card. Dragorn, the author of Kismet Wireless is working on it.
- Other OS: Forget it (for the same reasons as Apple).